The Thermodynamics of Mind
Gustavo Deco
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats / Pompeu Fabra University
Abstract
Finding precise signatures of different brain states is a central, unsolved question in neuroscience. The difference in brain state can be described as differences in the detailed causal interactions found in the underlying intrinsic brain dynamics. We use a thermodynamics framework to quantify the breaking of the detailed balance captured by the level of asymmetry in temporal processing, i.e. the arrow of time. We also formulate a novel whole-brain model paradigm allowing us to derive the generative underlying mechanisms for changing the arrow of time between brain regions in different conditions. We found precise, distinguishing signatures in terms of the reversibility and hierarchy of large-scale dynamics in three radically different brain states (cognition, rest, deep sleep and anaesthesia) in fMRI and electrocorticography data from human and non-human primates. Overall, this provides signatures of the breaking of detailed balance in different brain states, reflecting different levels of computation.
Speaker
Gustavo Deco is Research Professor at the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Professor (Catedrático) at the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) where he leads the Computational Neuroscience group. He was also Director of the Center of Brain and Cognition from 2001 to 2021 (UPF). In 1987 he received his PhD in Physics for his thesis on Relativistic Atomic Collisions. In 1987, he was a postdoc at the University of Bordeaux in France. From 1988 to 1990, he obtained a postdoc of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the University of Giessen in Germany. From 1990 to 2003, he leads the Computational Neuroscience Group at Siemens Corporate Research Center in Munich, Germany. He obtained in 1997 his Habilitation (maximal academical degree in Germany) in Computer Science (Dr. rer. nat. habil.) at the Technical University of Munich for his thesis on Neural Learning. In 2001, he received his PhD in Psychology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich. In 2012, he received an ERC Advanced Grant and recently in 2022 he received an ERC Synergy Grant.
Perceptions, memories, emotions, and everything that makes us human, demand the flexible integration of information represented and computed in a distributed manner. Normal brain functions require the integration of functionally specialized but widely distributed brain areas. The main aim of Gustavo Deco’s research is to elucidate precisely the computational principles underlying higher brain functions and their breakdown in brain diseases, allowing us to comprehend the mechanisms underlying brain functions by complementing structural and activation based analyses with dynamics. He integrates different levels of experimental investigation in cognitive neuroscience (from the operation of single neurons and neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuroimaging and neuropsychology to behaviour) via a unifying theoretical framework that captures the neural dynamics inherent in the computation of cognitive processes.